Duck Breeding

Maybe someone is planning to raise ducks. Here is how to raise ducks. Duck Breeding

Source: https://sentrabudidaya.com/cara-ternak-bebek/

1.Types of Ducks Breed

Before we talk further about how to duck ducks, it's good if we know in advance the types of ducks that we can breed. Because the type of duck will greatly affect the technical cultivation that we will do. The following types of ducks based on their type, namely:

• Laying ducks such as Indian Runner, Khaki Campbell, Buff (Buff Orpington) and CV 2000-INA;
• Broilers such as Peking, Rouen, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Cayuga;
• Ornamental ducks (favorite ducks / hobbies) such as East India, Call (Gray Call), Mandariun, Blue Swedish, Crested, Wood.

In Indonesia, the types of ducks or ducks are divided into several types, namely:

• Tegal Ducks (Tegal) - Characteristics: color from plain white to dark brown, yellow or black beak and legs.
• Mojosari Ducks (Mojosari, East Java) - Characteristics: color of light brown to dark brown fur, black beak color and black legs.
• Alabio Ducks (Amuntai South Kalimantan) - Characteristics: bigger body compared to Tegal ducks.
• The Asahan Duck was developed in Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra.
• Crossing Ducks

For the types of ducks that are widely cultivated in Indonesia are usually tegal ducks, campbell khaki ducks, alabio ducks, mojosari ducks, Bali ducks, CV 2000-INA ducks and other types of superior laying ducks which are the product of the development of BPT (Animal Research Center ) Ciawi, Bogor.

2. Preparation for Duck Cattle Location

For duck breeding sites, it should be a bit far from the residents, but the access road to is also easily accessible by car or motorcycle. Make sure your location is safe from predators, be it lizards, beavers, snakes and other predators. If around the location there is a duck bathing place will be even better.

3. Duck Coop

Here are some duck cage requirements so productivity can be optimized:

• Preparation of Facilities and Equipment Cage temperature requirements ± 39 ° C.

• Humidity of the cage ranges from 60-65%

• The lighting of the cage is given to facilitate the arrangement of the cage so that the structure of the cage is in accordance with the function of the parts of the cage.

For your own cage model, there are at least 3 types of cages that you can use, the following are:

• Cages for ducklings (DOD) during the stater period can also be called box cages, with a size of 1 m2 able to accommodate 50 DOD

• The Brower cage (for juvenile ducks) is called the Ren cage model / group cage with a size of 16-100 tails per group

• Screen cage (for egg laying ducks) the model can be a battery cage (one or two in one box) can also be a location cage (group) with a size of every square meter 4-5 adult ducks (spawning period or for 30 adult ducks with a cage size 3 x 2 meters).*

The necessary cage equipment such as a place to eat, a place to drink and other additional equipment

• Capacity for 100 ducks:

• Age 1 day - 2 weeks 1 -2 m.
• Age 2 weeks 2-4 m.
• Age 2-4 weeks 4-6 m.
• Age 4-6 weeks 6-8 m.
• Age 6-8 weeks 8-10 m.
• Ducks up to the age of 6 months, 5-10 tails / m.

4. Duck Seedlings

There are 3 ways to choose ducklings that we can do, including:

• Buy hatching eggs from a duck that is guaranteed superior
• Maintaining ducks that is superior male + female to get hatching eggs then put it on a stick, chicken or hatching machine
• Buy DOD (Day Old Duck) from breeds that are well-known quality or that have received a recommendation from the local Animal Husbandry Department.

Make sure you really select superior seeds and have tested their superiority, so that our livestock production can be optimal. To characterize a good DOD is not deformed (not sick) with a shiny yellow coat color.

5. Care of Duck Seedlings

After we have the cage and seedlings, the next step is to take care of the ducklings. We all need to know, usually farmers choose DOD seeds because they are considered better and clearer in quality.

a. Seedling Care

For seedlings should be immediately placed in the brooder cage (broodstock) that has been prepared in advance. And the things that need to be considered in the brooder are the temperature of the brooder that the ducks are spread evenly, the capacity of the brooder cage (box) for 1 m² is able to accommodate 50 DOD, the feed and drinking places are in accordance with the provisions namely the type of duck feed stater phase.

b. Care for Parent candidates

For prospective duck broodstock itself is divided into 2 types, namely the parent for the production of consumption eggs and the parent for the production of hatching eggs. Both treatments are the same, the difference is only in the parent for the production of hatching eggs there must be a male with a ratio of 1 male to 5-6 females.

6. Feeding

For feeding ourselves, we adjust the age of the duck. In the egg-laying phase, a feed needs 17% - 20% protein content and 2,700kcal - 2.88kcal energy. Staple food sources of carbohydrates include bran, corn, charcoal or aking (dried rice) and groats.

Whereas sources of animal protein (fresh): trash fish, clams, mussels, shrimp shells, given by peter nak near the beach. Snails and snails given by farmers in agricultural areas and swamps. To anticipate the lack of fresh fish can be dried and made flour.

Junkah feed also varies. Benchmark a duck requires 155 g / day (dry). At 15% - 20% moisture content it weighs approximately 220 g. There are breeders who feed 20kg / 100 fish / day. Other farmers give 7 kg of aking, 5 kg of katul, 15 kg of fresh fish or 5 kg of fish meal. Or 25 kg - 27 kg per day.

The following is the technical distribution of feed according to the age of the duck:

• Age 0-16 days given at a flat feed tray (tray feeder)

• Ages 16-21 days are provided with tray feeders and distribution on the floor

• Age 21 days to 18 weeks spread on the floor.

• Age 18 weeks-72 weeks, there are two ways, namely: the first 7 days in a transitional feed by taking into account the beginning of spawning production until production reaches 5%. After that the feeding of ducks in an ad libitum (continuous).

Some breeders feed members in the break room. We recommend that you do not overheat feed. Feeding twice (07.00 and 17.00) or three times (plus 12:00) a day, depending on the habit. In between feed hours twice, usually interspersed with animal protein snacks.

Don't change the type of feed, the feed attendant and the feeding schedule suddenly, because this can make the duck stressful. Avoid feeding out of schedule and force ducks to stop eating. Feeding should be given when all ducks are awake.

7. Disease Control

At the time the duck or duck is sick, it will usually show characteristics such as lost appetite, noiselessness, slow or passive movements. Here are some diseases that might appear and the treatment that you can do:

a. Chalk Defecation

Cause: Salmonella Pullorum bacteria. Signs: White stools, sticky like pasta.

Prevention: Cleanliness of pens,

food, drinks, vaccinations, and diseased ducks are separated.

b. Worm Disease

Cause: Various types of worms.

Signs: Poor appetite, sometimes diarrhea, dull, thin feathers, and decreased egg production. Prevention: Cages must be clean, dry, not moist, food and drinks must be clean and sanitary enclosures.

c. Paralyzed

Cause: Vitamin B deficiency.

Signs: Swollen feet in the joints, limping and paralyzed, looking sleepy, sometimes excessive tears.

Prevention: Provision of vegetables / forages in fresh form every day.

8. Marriage

After entering the age of 20 weeks, usually the duck will be ready to be mated. The marriage system is known to be of two kinds, namely hand mating ducks with the help of human hands and nature mating (natural duck marriage).

9. Harvest

After the process of the female duck is fertilized, the duck will lay eggs. Ducks can lay 200-250 eggs per year. The proper time to harvest is 06.00 - 07.00. Egg containers in the form of baskets or other containers that are concave. Eggs should be marketed immediately. To increase added value, eggs can be salted first to be sold as salted eggs. Eggs should not be stored for more than five days.

10. Post Harvest

The end result of a duck can be:

• Duck egg
• Salted eggs, boiled eggs, etc.
• Duck meat
• Ducks can be processed into roast duck etc.
• Fur can be processed into handicrafts
• Duck droppings can be fertilizer.

11. Post-Harvesting Ducks Tips

To keep the duck egg long lasting, because usually eggs that are not given special treatment can only last 2 weeks. Therefore the egg must be 'preserved', i.e. by:

• The first way is to use warm water.

• Preservation with warm water is the simplest preservation of duck eggs. In this way the egg can last for 20 days.

• In addition to warm water, you can also use guava leaves. Soaking eggs with guava leaves can maintain egg quality for approximately 1 month. Eggs that have been soaked will turn brownish like boiled eggs.

• Coconut oil can also be used to preserve eggs. This preservation is a practical preservation. In this way the color of the eggshell and taste does not change.

• Preservation of duck eggs is to use sodium silicate. Preservation of sodium silicate is a thick, colorless, clear and odorless liquid. Silica natirum can cover the pores of the egg shell so the egg is durable and durable for up to 1.5 months. The method is to soak the egg in a solution of 10% sodium silicate for one month.

• How to preserve that you can also do is with salt salt. The salt is soaked in a solution of table salt (NaCl) with a concentration of 25-40% for 3 weeks.