Condenser- Concepts and aspects
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A condenser is an apparatus which extract heat from the high temperature and pressure gas and liquidify it by means of air or water. There are basically three types of condenser, namely:
1.Air-cooled condenser:: Air cooled condenser is divided into two:
I) Natural draft convention: means of cooling atmospheric air naturally.
ii) Forced draft convention: means of cooling with artificial air. E.g fan.
2.Water cooled condenser: Water cooled condenser are usually in three ways:
I) Double pipe condenser: This is a simple commonly used water cooled condenser. It is formed by placing one copper tube of smaller diameter inside a bigger diameter tube. It is also called pipe in pipe condenser. The water flows in the opposite direction to the refrigerant. This is known as counter flow.
II) Shell and tube water cooled condenser: The shell and tube condenser, consist of a cylindrical shell made of a steel, in which a number of straight tubes are arranged in parallel and held in place at ends by tube sheets. The shell consists of a removable plate to the shells and it can be removed when servicing.
The high pressure and temperature gas enters into the shell and spread to both end of the shell, while the condensing water flows in the tubes (the tubes may be steel or copper). As the water removes heat from the hot refrigerant, it drops to the bottom of the shell as a liquidified refrigerant and flows into the liquid reciever (dehydrator).
III) Shell and coil condenser: This type of condenser consists of a vertical cylindrical steel shell. Within it is a copper coil. The shell is hermetically sealed at both end and this makes it unserviceable. The hot gas drops on side, around the coil and drops to the bottom of the shell, then cool water enters the coil.
3)Evaporative condenser{both air and water}: This type of condenser uses water and blower. The water cools the condenser while the blower blows off the heat and eliminator extracts it out.
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