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Introduction

Welcome to my blog. Are you ready to learn? Lets go.

As stated in last lesson, this content is designed to help steemians who in one way or the other have challenges in grammar, effective use of English and communication skills, spellings and vocabularies. Reading this with undivided attention will be of great benefit to us all.
It will help us improve our writing and communication skills as bloggers.

Adverbs

Adverb is a word added to a verb to help it express more fully the meaning of the sentence.
E.g.

The tired child slept soundly.

Most adverbs are simply formed by the addition of "ly" suffix, e.g.,

Adjectives	+"ly"	Adverbs
Slow	+ly	Slowly
Calm	+ly	Calmly
Beautiful	+ly	Beautifully
Fortunate	+ly	Fortunately
Intelligent	+ly	Intelligently
Rightly	+ly	Rightly
Bold	+ly	Boldly

But not all adverbs have the same ending. Note the following examples.

• That was a very interesting film
• He read very fast
• Almost everybody was present
• We never can tell who will win

Classes of Adverbs

(a) Adverbs of Manner: It answers the question, how?
E.g. Loudly, secretly

• He spoke loudly.
• He took the money secretly.

(b) Adverbs of Place: The one that answers the question where?
E.g

• He spoke loudly in the church.
• He took the money from the purse.

(c) Adverbs of Reason: This adverb simply responds to the question, why? They include because, since, so, therefore, etc
E.g,

• He took the money because he was hungry
• He spoke loudly so the audience could hear him.

(d) Adverbs of Time: This adverb expresses time, and they include when, while, tomorrow, yesterday, today, early, late, later, tonight, etc
E.g

• He took the money yesterday.
• He spoke loudly while we were discussing.

1. Adverbs of Concession: This begins with though, although, however, etc.
   e.g.

• We missed him, though we arrived early.
• Although we arrived early, we missed him.

(e) Adverbs of Condition: These are usually introduced by if, until, and unless. Often time, they introduce conditional clauses.
E.g

• I will come if it does not rain.
• Until you change, I may not come back home.

(f) Adverbs of Degree: These adverbs answer the question "to what extent", they include very, more, much, little, far, most, quite, rather, fairly, only, almost, nearly, so, as, too, enough, etc.
E.g.

• She watered the garden every day so that the flowers grew very big

(g) Adverbs of Negation: The words 'not' and 'neither... nor' are adverbs. E.g.

• He neither sang nor whistled.

Other examples include no, at all, not, never, etc.

Comparisons of Adverbs

Adverbs (like adjectives) have three degrees of comparisons:
Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Soon	Sooner	Soonest
Slow	Slower	Slowest
Hard	Harder	Hardest
Near	Nearer	Nearest

Again, as in adjectives, we also have the placing of 'more' and 'most' in front of adverbs.

E.g.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Smoothly	More smoothly	Most smoothly
Tenderly	More tenderly	Most tenderly

Adverbials

Adverbials refer to any word or group of words that can not be strictly classified as an adverb but used as an adverb in a sentence.
E.g.

• President Buhari inaugurated political confab last month.
• Mr. Jones speaks fast.
• Stella's maternity leave lasted for three months.

Care must be taken to avoid confusing adverb with aden. Even though both qualify words, the adverb is normally distinguished from the adjective by the work that it does in a sentence. Adverbs equally qualify any part of speech except noun or pronoun.

For instance, in the three sentences above, "last month" ( time) "fast" and "three months" are all adverb because of they quality verbs.

Types of adverbials

English recognizes the three divisions of adverbials. Adjuncts, Disjuncts, and Conjuncts.

(a) Adjuncts: When an adverbial is an integral part of a clause and is not separated by a comma. It is known as an adjunct.
E.g

• The lecturer is waiting outside.
• I feel happy that I was present.
• He spoke his mind openly.
• Rain fell yesterday.
• The lecture is holding now

(b) Disjuncts: When the adverbial is peripheral to a clause and expresses an evaluation in respect to what is being said in terms of content, usually marked off by a comma.
E.g

• Honestly, you have failed me.
• Last semester, the student behaved well.
• Frankly speaking, I am not sure all lecturers voted.
• I have only N100, to be precise.
• Unfortunately, Nigeria lost the contest.

(c) Conjuncts: These are adverbs whose major role is to join two sentences, clauses, or paragraphs together. The common connectors are, however, in other words, nevertheless, additional, yet, furthermore, etc.
E.g

• The examination was tough, nevertheless, many students passed.
• He failed the elections, even though he campaigned very well.
• He could not attend the function, however, he sent his present.
• He married a beautiful wife yet, he did not have peace.

Conclusion

That is the end of the lesson presented in this contest. I believe you have learned something in this lesson as usual. Please drop your questions and suggestions at the comment section. I am inviting @manuelhooks, @bela90 and @goodybest to take part in this contest. I will be glad to hear from you and don't forget to read lesson 1, 2 and 3 below.

• Effective Communication and Language Skills: Lesson 1 (Word Class)
• Effective Communication and Language Skills: Lesson 2 (Verbs)
• Effective Communication and Language Skills: Lesson 3 (Adjectives)