Greek philosophy
Greek philosophy is an important element in the development of human philosophical knowledge. According to Frank Thile, the Greeks not only laid the foundations of later Western thought but also sought to raise and answer some of the possible questions that occupied European civilization over the next two thousand years. The period of Greek philosophy extends from the late seventh century BC to the sixth century AD. Oriental astronomers, mathematicians, and other scholars have made significant contributions to the development of Greek philosophy. All these contributions were welcomed by the Greek city dwellers in the spirit of avoiding mythological influences from philosophical thought. However, in the philosophical and cosmological system that had already developed in the fifth century BC, mythology was used in a figurative sense to express ideas rather than a basic point of view.
Different stages of evolution: Philosophy and natural sciences were not separated even in the fifth century BC. Greek philosophy originated in the fifth century BC with an attempt to provide a philosophical explanation for the creation of the universe. It started with materialist philosophical doctrines. Despite their differences, Thelis, Anaximander, Anaximinis, and Heraclitus all seemed to come from a single inert source. Those who believed in this simple materialism later developed some ideas that opened the way to prophesy. In Greek philosophy, dialectical and metaphysical conflicts exist equally. Many Greek philosophers believed in dialectical doctrine, which saw nature as a single entity. The forms of materialism and idealism adopted in ancient Greek philosophy and dialectics and metaphysical doctrine have evolved through a complex expression over a period of more than a thousand years. Materialism is fully expressed in the philosophies of Empedocles, Anaxigoras, Lucipus, and Democritus. In contrast to the materialist philosophy of the atomists, the philosophy of Socrates, especially Plato, expresses idealism. From this time the conflict between materialism and prophecy began. In the history of philosophy, the first is called the ideology of Democritus and the second is called the ideology of Plato. Aristotle, however, was in a state of flux. He developed his doctrine through the debate of the doctrines before him and his time.
Emergence of Religion in Philosophy: Questions related to ethics also came into the realm of philosophical problems. However, this ethic was based on theories related to natural knowledge and concepts. In the age of the Roman Empire, the desire and consolation for religious self-oblivion became strong. The wave of religious devotion, belief in the religious community, and mysticism continues to flow from east to west. Philosophy became religious philosophy. Examples of Neo-Platonism and New Pythagoreanism. Neo-Platonism played an important role in the development of Christian philosophy. Finally, in 529 AD, Emperor Justinian issued an order declaring the closure of all philosophical communities in Athens, ending the Greek era of philosophy. However, the development of Greek philosophy was completed before and after the issuance of this order.