Soviet poster : we will not allow enmity between nations.

To implement the ideology of internationalism, nations were needed, not to mention the fact that a developed society from the point of view of Soviet ideologists necessarily consists of nations, the model of relations between which was to be worked out, as well as creating the image of a "Soviet man", the bearer of internationalism. Thus, the project turned out to be directed towards the implementation of two opposite goals. On the one hand, the national consciousness was purposefully awakened, and in regard to a number of peoples it can be said that it was being formed.
After all, every tribe that did not have time in the early XX century. fit in the characteristics of nationalism that were customary for "civilized countries," was obliged in the Soviet society to recognize itself as a nation, to get its own writing, the national theater, the library, the university. The nationalities, fragmented, having a weak identity, had to realize their unity and integrity. On the other hand, as soon as national self-consciousness became more or less distinct, it was subject to repression as "petty-bourgeois nationalism", destroying the international project.