II. Mahmud

II. Mahmud was born in 1785. In 1808, Mahmud Khan became the Ottoman ruler instead of Mustafa Khan.

Mahmud Khan is the most innovative sultan of the Ottoman State. Mahmud Khan first made innovations in military units. Mahmud Khan removed the Janissary quarry. Mahmud Khan built the first military hospital.

Mahmud Khan has given much importance to education. Mahmud Khan has also obliged girls to learn to read and write, and at the same time, everyone must be at least a primary school graduate.

At the same time Mahmud Khan has made many innovations in administrative structures. The first population census in the Ottoman Empire was made in the time of Mahmud Khan. At the same time, during the reign of Mahmud Khan, the first postal organization was established and the first newspaper was issued.

Mahmud Khan died in 1839.