使用hcharts创建箱线图/How to use hcharts to make a boxplot chart

in #utopian-io7 years ago (edited)

Summary:
Javascript has a lot of open source chart Libraries,Hcharts.js is one of them,today i will show you how to create a boxplot by Hcharts.

Javascript 有很多开源图表库,Hcharts.js就是其中之一,今天教程将教大家如何使用Hcharts.js去绘制一张箱线图。

箱形图又称为盒须图、盒式图或箱线图,是一种用作显示一组数据分散情况资料的统计图。因形状如箱子而得名。在各种领域也经常被使用,常见于品质管理。

  • 兼容浏览器:IE, Chrome,Firefox等等

您能从本教程学到什么?

  • 代码整体结构
  • 怎么调用hcharts.js
  • 怎么设置图表画布大小以及图表chart配置
  • 怎么设置主副标题
  • 怎么设置X和Y轴
  • 怎么设置图例
  • 怎么设置提示框
  • 怎么设置数据列

需要的准备条件

  • 你需要一个代码编辑器,比如atom,EmEditor等等,当然因为是文本编辑,可以直接通过浏览器打开,typora这类文本编辑器也可以进行代码编辑。
  • 你需要下载hcharts.js(如果不下载到本地,也可以在线调用,参考要点2.

本教程难度

相对来说比较简单,只需要对固定代码格式有些简单了解,就可以绘制箱线图。

  • 认识简单代码
  • 认识简单英文

教程内容

下面请先看一个简单例子:

1.gif

要点1:代码整体结构
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title</title>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/jquery/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts-more.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/modules/exporting.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts-plugins/highcharts-zh_CN.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container" style="height: 450px; margin: auto; min-width: 310px; max-width: 600px"></div>
<script>
    $(function () {
        $('#container').highcharts({
       //key code
        })
//hcharts.js  code area!
</script>
</body>
</html>

html结构,我们创建图表的代码是js语句,所以关键代码是放在< script>里面。下面将详细讲解关键代码。

要点2:怎么调用hcharts.js
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/jquery/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts-more.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/modules/exporting.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts-plugins/highcharts-zh_CN.js"></script>

如果本地没有hcharts.js库,可以使用其在线js资源,同时需要加载jquery.min.js。直接在head区域引用就可以了。

要点3:怎么设置图表画布大小
<div id="container" style="height: 450px; margin: auto; min-width: 310px; max-width: 600px"></div>

在body区域,编辑chartjs代码之前,需要先定义下图表的大小。上面代码定义,最小宽度310px,最大宽度为600px,高为450px。

 chart: {
            type: 'boxplot'
        },

type:图表 类型,默认是line,这里是箱线图,所以设置为boxplot。

要点4:怎么设置图表主副标题
 title: {
            text: 'Boxplot Demo'
        },
subtitle: {
            text: 'This is a demo <br/>by @jubi'
        },

titel:标题,text后输入标题文本,支持html标签。

subtitle:副标题,text后输入标题文本,支持html标签,比如加粗,斜体,超链接。实例如下:

360截图20180125112253176.jpg

要点5:怎么设置X和Y轴
 xAxis: {
            categories: ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'],
            title: {
                text: 'x-title'
            }
        },

X轴设置:

categories :x轴 刻度名称,实例如下:

360截图20180125112522981.jpg

title:x轴标题,显示在x轴下方,实例如下:

360截图20180125112618038.jpg

yAxis: {
            title: {
                text: 'y-title'
            },
            plotLines: [{
                value: 932,
                color: 'red',
                width: 1,
                label: {
                    text: 'average-value: 92',
                    align: 'center',
                    style: {
                        color: 'gray'
                    }
                }
            }]
        },

Y轴设置:

title:标题,显示在Y轴左侧,实例如下:

360截图20180125112725539.jpg

中位线设置:

value:数值

color:颜色

label:标签设置 ,实例如下:

360截图20180125112919105.jpg

要点6:怎么设置图例
legend: {
            enabled: true
        },

enabled 是否显示。参数为true 或者false。 实例如下:

360截图20180125113106093.jpg

要点7:怎么设置提示框
 tooltip: {
            pointFormat: '<span style="color:{point.color}">\u25CF</span> <b> {series.name}</b><br/>' +
            'max: {point.high}<br/>' +
            'Q2\t: {point.q3}<br/>' +
            'average: {point.median}<br/>' +
            'Q1\t: {point.q1}<br/>' +
            'min: {point.low}<br/>'
        },

pointformat: 数据点显示样式,支持html标签,实例如下:

360截图20180125113234925.jpg

要点8:怎么设置数据列
 series: [{
            name: 'value1',
            data: [
                [70, 81, 88, 85, 95],
                [73, 83, 99, 90, 108],
                [74, 72, 87, 80, 98],
                [74, 82, 86, 81, 90],
                [84, 86, 84, 82, 90]
            ],
            tooltip: {
                headerFormat: '<em>demo: {point.key}</em><br/>'
            }
        }, {
            name: 'value2',
            color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0],
            type: 'scatter',
            data: [ 
                [0, 64],
                [2, 78],
                [4, 91],
                [4, 99]
            ],
            marker: {
                fillColor: 'white',
                lineWidth: 1,
                lineColor: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0]
            },
            tooltip: {
                pointFormat: 'value3: {point.y}'
            }
        }]

箱线图数据有2部分, 第一部分正常数据,第二部分异常数据。

正常数据:

name: 'value1',
data: [
        [70, 81, 88, 85, 95],
        [73, 83, 99, 90, 108],
        [74, 72, 87, 80, 98],
        [74, 82, 86, 81, 90],
        [84, 86, 84, 82, 90]
],

name 数据名称

data 数据,格式data:[data1,data2,data3,data4……]

name: 'value2',
color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0],
type: 'scatter',
data: [ 
      [0, 64],
      [2, 78],
      [4, 91],
      [4, 99]
      ],

name 名称

type 类型,scatter 为散点

data 数据,格式data:[[x1,data1],[x2,data2]……],其中x1 对应于x轴标签,从0 开始,是第一个刻度。[0,64]数据实例如下:

360截图20180125114502219.jpg

marker: {
                fillColor: 'white',
                lineWidth: 1,
                lineColor: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0]
            },

标识样式设置:

fillcolor 填充颜色

linewidth 线宽 实例如下:

360截图20180125114644394.jpg

tooltip: {
                pointFormat: 'value3: {point.y}'
            }

数据点提示框,实例如下:

360截图20180125114650037.jpg

完整实例如下:

1.gif

完整代码如下:

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title</title>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/jquery/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/highcharts-more.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts/modules/exporting.js"></script>
<script src="https://img.hcharts.cn/highcharts-plugins/highcharts-zh_CN.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container" style="height: 400px"></div>
<script>
$(function () {
    $('#container').highcharts({
        chart: {
            type: 'boxplot'
        },
        title: {
            text: 'Boxplot Demo'
        },
        subtitle: {
            text: 'This is a demo <br/>by @jubi'
        },
        legend: {
            enabled: true
        },
        xAxis: {
            categories: ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'],
            title: {
                text: 'x-title'
            }
        },
        yAxis: {
            title: {
                text: 'y-title'
            },
            plotLines: [{
                value: 82,
                color: 'red',
                width: 1,
                label: {
                    text: 'average-value: 92',
                    align: 'center',
                    style: {
                        color: 'gray'
                    }
                }
            }]
        },
        tooltip: {
            pointFormat: '<span style="color:{point.color}">\u25CF</span> <b> {series.name}</b><br/>' +
            'max: {point.high}<br/>' +
            'Q2\t: {point.q3}<br/>' +
            'average: {point.median}<br/>' +
            'Q1\t: {point.q1}<br/>' +
            'min: {point.low}<br/>'
        },
        series: [{
            name: 'value1',
            data: [
                [70, 81, 88, 85, 95],
                [73, 83, 99, 90, 108],
                [74, 72, 87, 80, 98],
                [74, 82, 86, 81, 90],
                [84, 86, 84, 82, 90]
            ],
            tooltip: {
                headerFormat: '<em>demo: {point.key}</em><br/>'
            }
        }, {
            name: 'value2',
            color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0],
            type: 'scatter',
            data: [ 
                [0, 64],
                [2, 78],
                [4, 91],
                [3, 69],
                [1, 64],
                [2, 68],
                [2, 61],
                [3, 69],
            ],
            marker: {
                fillColor: 'red',
                lineWidth: 1,
                lineColor: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0]
            },
            tooltip: {
                pointFormat: 'value3: {point.y}'
            }
        }]
    });
});
</script>
</body>
</html>



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