Nature of waves.
Nature of waves.
Have you ever dropped a pebble into a still pond and observed the circular waves moving outward? Maybe you have watched the waves moving across a field of wheat on a windy day. Or perhaps you have observed huge waves in the ocean during a storm. All these examples illustrate wave. You might be surprised to learn that even light and sound are examples of waves.
Waves and Energy. 
Think again about ocean waves. Ocean waves continuously roll into the shore, one after the other, night and day. Have you ever wondered how ocean waves can do this without flooding the beaches? The reason is that ocean waves do not actually carry water. As a wave rushes to the shore, the ocean water is moved up down but not forward. So even though it looks as if the water itself is moving toward shore, it is actually not. Only the wave moves forward.
To help you understand this, consider another example of waves. What happens to a nearby canoe or pile of leaves in a lake when a motorboat speeds by? The motorboat creates waves that move past the object, causing the object to bob up and down. The waves continue to move forward, but the object remains in approximately the same place. Why? The motorboat disturbs the flat surface of the lake. The disturbance moves outward along the surface of the water as a series of waves.
The meaning of the word disturbance should not be new to you. Suppose that you are taking a nap one day in a comfortable hammock when a friend comes along and tilts you out. Your friend has moved you from your resting position. Among other things, you might say that your friend has disturbed you from your rest, or that your friend is a disturbance, after your friend leaves, you return to your nap. In much the same way, particles of water are disturbed from their resting positions by water waves. Once the disturbance has passed, the water particles return to their resting positions. They are not carried by the wave.
What, then, makes up the disturbance? You already learned that it is not matter. The fact that water waves do not carry matter - such as Water, canoes, or piles of leaves - is true of any wave. So what then is carried by a wave? Waves carry energy. (Energy is the ability to work or cause change.) A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy From one place to another.
Where Do Waves Get Energy?
To understand how waves are made, try making a wave on your own. Tie a rope to a fixed object such as a doorknob or post. Jerk the free end of the rope and observe the bump, or wave motion that travels to the other end. Now try moving your hand up and down or back and forth over and over again. You have just created a series of waves. How did you do this?
You made the wave motion on the rope by moving your hand up and down or back and forth. Any movement that follows the same path repeatedly is called a vibration. You created a vibration. Vibrations are probably quite familiar to you already. The top of a drum vibrate after it is struck by a drumstick. It moves up and down several times, creating its characteristic sound. In fact, the vibration of your eardrum in response to sound enables you to hear. A stretched rubber band that is plucked also vibrates for a few seconds. So does a guitar string. Even the Earth can vibrate during a powerful earthquake.
An object that is vibrating is moving. And an object that is moving has energy. A vibrating object gives off some of its energy to nearby particles, causing them to vibrate as well. These particles, in turn, give off energy to the particles next to them, and so on. This movement of energy from a vibrating source outward is a wave. Waves - whether they be ocean waves, on a rope, sound waves, or microwaves - have a vibration as their source. The motorboat you just read about gave energy to the water particles in the lake. You gave some of your energy to the rope by moving your hand. Wind blowing back and forth over the ocean creates ocean waves. Electric charges (like the ones you see and feel when you receive a shock) can vibrate to create light and microwaves. Energy is given to the air by the vibration of a guitar string to create a sound ware.
Waves through Matter and Space.
In most of the previous examples, energy from a vibration traveled through a substance. The matter, or substance, through which a wave is transmitted, is called a medium. Water is a medium for ocean waves. Air is a medium for sound waves. All phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) can act as a medium. Waves that require a medium are called mechanical waves.
For certain waves, a medium is not required. These waves can be transmitted through a vacuum (space free or particles). Instead of matter, these waves disturb electric and magnetic fields. For this reason, they are called electromagnetic waves. Because they do not depend on particles of matter, electromagnetic waves can exist with or without a medium. Light is an electromagnetic wave. Light from the sun can travel to the Earth through the vacuum of space. Light can also travel through air across your room. Microwaves in an oven are electromagnetic waves, as are X-rays used in medicine.
Images:
Source of information:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda
http://recursostic.educacion.es/newton/web/materiales_didacticos/las_ondas/tipos.html?1
http://e-ducativa.catedu.es/44700165/aula/archivos/repositorio/3000/3233/html/11_naturaleza_de_las_ondas_electromagticas.html
https://prezi.com/tepkzr1dlr6w/la-naturaleza-de-las-ondas-electromagneticas-consiste-en-la/
thanks for shearing..
very nice post..
That’s a lot of information to get through. Very in depth.(in a good way)
Awesome, bringing physics to what everyone can understand is a huge work, thanks for sharing this.
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