Urea fertilizer production process

The urea fertilizer known as the NH2CoNH2 chemical formula was first synthesized by Frederich Wohler in 1928.
Currently urea fertilizer is a basic requirement for farmers in Indonesia, because in urea fertilizer compound there is a 46% Nitrogen element which is a food for plants.
The urea fertilizer produced is the result of reaction between Co2 (carbon dioxide) and NH3 (ammonia) while both of these compounds come from raw materials of natural gas, water and air.

For the process of making urea is divided into several work units namely Sinthesa, Decomposition / Purification, Recovery and Crystallization

A. sinthesa
In this unit urea is produced from the reaction between Co2 (gas) with NH3 (liquid) in a urea reactor with a pressure of 250 kg / cm2. Co2 and NH3 reacted in this reactor will produce carbamate

2NH3 + Co2 <===> NH2CooNH4

B. Decomposition / Purification
This unit aims to separate the reaction urea from unreacted materials such as gas, water and excess ammonia mixtures. All ammonia is excess and water is separated by heat and decreases its operating pressure so that ammonium carbamate decomposes into NH3 and Co2 gases

NH2CooNH4 <===> 2NH3 + Co2

C. Recovery
In this unit, the NH 3 and CO2 gases of the decomposition unit are absorbed by carbamate solution and returned to the reactor. For excess ammonia is condensed in the condenser unit to become liquid ammonia and ammonia tank return.

D. Crystallization and granulation
Urea solution with concentration 75% from Decomposition unit, it was decanted with Crystalizer for water evaporation until 85% concentration, then water and Urea crystals were separated again by Centrifuge until 99,5% concentration. Furthermore, urea powder sent to Priling Tower through Fuidizing Dryer. The urea powder melted at a temperature of 137 degrees Celsius in Melter and flowed through aqustigue granulator to spray from prilling tower with a height of 75 meters. While at the bottom is blown cold air so that Urea melt that falls from the top will freeze into hard and solid urea granules upon reaching down. Thus a short process of urea production that can be used by our farmers

Standard Fertilizer Urea
Nitrogen 46%
Biuret 1%
Moisture 0.5%

This explanation is the technology process of Total Recycle C improved (TRCI)