Extend the Duck Breeding Period

It really is not an easy answer to answer how to keep the ducks we maintain can have a long nesting period. Although not an easy answer, I try to answer it as a simple description for a beginner breeder. Why is it so difficult? because the spawning period of ducks is influenced by two factors namely genetic and maintenance management from beginning to end of duck maintenance, if one of the management factor is missed it will be difficult for us to get a long nesting period.

Before discussing about the length of spawn duck we know first the potential or the maximum period of duck nesting so that we can see if our breeding ducks have maximum production or not. .The genetic types each bring different laying abilities so that we know the term duck layers or broilers seen from its ability to produce eggs or meat in large numbers of them are:
a. duck peking = 150-200 eggs / year
b. mojosari duck = 200-250 eggs / year
c. ducks alabio = 200-250 eggs / year
d. ducks campbell = 225-335 eggs / year
Note: b & c: decision of the minister of agriculture on the establishment of duck clumps

This data is for pure genetic ducks whereas in Indonesia itself it is difficult to find pure seeds because breeders are generally happy to cross ducks with other ducks to produce hybrid ducks so the results may be slightly different. Hardi Prasetyo duck expert from Balitnak said: "In Cirebon there has been a localized duck breeding (Cirebon) that is not directional, so also in Mojokerto as a mojosari duck basis even hard to find pure genuine mojosari duck, only in South Kalimantan, the Hulu Sungai Utara maintaining pure alabio ducks "(Trobos, July 1, 2017),

From the data above we assume ducks lay eggs every day then Peking duck has only 6-7 months of laying period (150-200 eggs / 30 days), mojosari duck and alabio have a period of spawning 6-9 months and campbell duck has a 7- 12 months per laying period. In addition to genetic factors, why does our pet ducks not reach that period? Or why did our ducks stop laying prematurely?

It should be understood that extending the egg-laying period here is not how to duck our eggs like laying chickens until the age of 72 weeks is still productive, but is how ducks produce according to their genetic potential. Because ducks also need to rest to restore the reproductive organs so that in the next nesting period can produce better in terms of number and size of eggs.

Some things that cause duck egg production are disrupted:
A. Management Dod to Bayah (ready egg)
Maintenance of ducks from the age of one day (Day Old Duck) is very decisive development of the next duck because at the time of brooding dorm cell body multiplication that includes the development of the respiratory tract, the development of the digestive tract and immune system. Three aspects to consider when brooding is the adequacy of heating / temperature, nutritious feed and adequate air circulation. If the Dod / brooding duck ducks then the duck is difficult to remove the genetic potential.

Ducks before laying eggs are generally grazed / diagoon to reduce feed costs and also train ducks to have a strong physical and ready to spawn. But dititik this we must be smart to choose baby angon results that one age / age, healthy, ready to spawn and derived from the angon who understand how to pasture ducks well. Maintenance or selection of baby arbitrarily potentially harmful to farmers such as ducks not old enough but we have maintained intensively.

B. Quality and Type of Feed
The quality and type of feed that will change the duck body responded as something weird that the duck body needs to adjust again the metabolism that culminate in the cessation of egg production. Do not forget also feeding time that should be strived to keep ducks not late to eat so that the production of eggs disrupted. In addition to food that has enough nutrients, of course, ducks must also get clean drinking water and continuous

C. Stress
In addition to feed change factors, many things that can cause duck stress include: the new duck in groups / bulkheads, cage changes, dirty enclosures, damp and smelly, the sound of firecrackers or the presence of other rats and disrupters in the cage. If you want a sustainable production then the trigger factors of duck stress should be eliminated.

D. Attack of Disease
Sick ducks are difficult to spawn because generally the disease attacks followed by the decrease of lust / lazy ducks to eat and drink so that the amount of feed daily / feed intake is not achieved. If the daily feed is not achieved it means the ducks have only energy to live and not to lay their eggs. Moreover, attacks of diseases that attack the reproductive organs of birds such as bird flu or ND. Keeping the ducks healthy with herbs or vitamins is better than trying to heal the sick ducks.

E Temperature and Lighting
It is natural that ducks respond during the rainy season with reduced / stop production of eggs so for beginner breeders should try to buy a baby before the dry season arrives so that the duck production is not disturbed by the arrival of rain. What if we already have a duck that is laying eggs during the rainy season? yes strive ducks are not affected by such situations such as keeping the cage dry and warm and the addition of energy metabolism in the feed. What should be noted also is the habit of ducks to stop laying eggs during the day time is reduced so that we must keep as if the day remains as much as 13 hours per day by adding 2-hour lights during the morning and 2 hours before the night

F. Duck Selection
Sometimes not all the ducks that we maintain is a productive duck for various reasons so we have to do the selection where the ducks that must be maintained and which diafkir or exchanged new bayah. Why should selection be done? so that our farms are increasingly profitable or not losers. Example:

Suppose we keep 100 heads with feed Rp 750, - rupiah per head and get eggs as much as 60 eggs per day (60%) and egg selling price Rp 1,500, - then we get calculation:
Egg yield = 60 x Rp 1.500 = Rp 90.000, -
Feed Cost = 100 x Rp 750 = Rp 75.000, -
Daily gross profit = Rp 90,000 - Rp 75.000 = Rp 15.000, -

If we can choose only 15 tail that is not productive then the calculation changed to:
Egg yield = 60 x Rp 1.500 = Rp 90.000, -
Feed Cost = 85 x Rp 750 = Rp 63,750, -
Daily gross profit = Rp 90,000 - Rp 63,750 = Rp 26,250, - or almost 2x profit without us doing the selection.

Unfortunately the selection of ducks is not as simple as laying hens due to the maintenance of ducks generally in groups / postal and not a colony of its own / battery so we should check the eggs every duck on a daily basis or pay attention to ducks based on the sign of his body that shows the duck is not productive or have passed the period of eggs .

Some of the unproductive duck marks are:

1. bone duck size 2 finger or more 4 fingers for ducks rejects.
2. Fur ducks are still good, shiny and not dull.
3. The ducks and feet of the ducks are still bright yellow / black.
4. The duck looks almost touching the ground.
5. There are wings that have black and white / melong.
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